Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious global health problem. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is insulin resistance and islet β-cell impairment. Oral medications or injection agents can have negative effects. Literature reviews showed that chlorophyllin inhibit gluconeogenesis and increase glucose uptake by the peripheral muscles. Scientific data also revealed that glutamine, alanine, arginine, and leucine increase insulin secretion by stimulating the changing of glucose to pyruvate and enhancing the TCA cycle to increase activate membrane depolarization. Fiber in either the insoluble or soluble form can reduce blood sugar. Soluble fibers reduce blood sugar by interfering with carbohydrate and fat absorption. Natural products containing high protein and fiber as well as chlorophyllin derivatives have been investigated extensively for anti-diabetes properties. The leaves of Liang contain high protein, fiber, and chlorophyll; therefore, the leaves of this plant must have good potential to be an alternative natural antidiabetic agent.

Abstract The scientific basis corresponding with the folkloric use of Albizia myriophylla Benth., Fabaceae, for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases was established by measuring antioxidant potential using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) free radicals, and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays as well as anti-inflammatory effect using nitrite assay and ethyl phenylpropiolate (EPP)-induced rat ear edema model. Both ethanol extract (DPPH, IC50 46.23 µg/ml; ABTS, IC50 57.14 µg/ml; FRAP, 950.14 mM Fe (II)/g) and dichloromethane fraction (DPPH, IC50 29.54 µg/ml; ABTS, IC50 40.36 µg/ml; FRAP, 946.69 mM Fe (II)/g) from A. myriophylla demonstrated a promising antioxidant activity. Furthermore, it was found that the ethanol extract of A. myriophylla showed significant inhibitory activity against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide production in murine macrophage cells (IC50 13.8 µg/ml). The ethanol extract (15% w/v) also exhibited the maximum percentage inhibition (81–95%) of inflammation in the ear edema model at all assessment times comparable to indomethacin (0.5 mg/ear). Among all isolates 1-5 from the active extract of A. myriophylla, indenoic acid (1) (DPPH, IC50 8.96 µg/ml; ABTS, IC50 10.12 µg/ml) and 8-methoxy-7,3′,4′-trihydroxyflavone (2) (DPPH, IC50 5.05 µg/ml; ABTS, IC50 7.89 µg/ml) had potent free radical scavenging effects comparable to those of ascorbic acid (DPPH, IC50 2.12 µg/ml; ABTS, IC50 3.26 µg/ml). Compound 2 also displayed remarkable reducing power in FRAP test (261.81 mg QE/g) and showed a marked inhibition of the cellular nitric oxide production (IC50 27.7 µg/ml). Our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of A. myriophylla is most probably based on its capacity to suppress nitric oxide production as well as to be free radical scavenger.